Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 8, 2026

System for Focal, Closed-System Central Nervous System Injury
Published on: November 29, 2024
Trauma systems origins in the United States
1Indian Health Service, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA. david.boyd@ihs.gov
Abstract:
The origins of the US Civilian Trauma and Emergency Medical Services Systems (EMSS) started in the 1970s are presented. The conceptual basis, strategic, and tactical implementation approaches used to establish the national program are described. The trauma and other clinical systems were extensions of proven clinical methods initially from cardiac and trauma units and deployed in new settings. The overall systems design was regionalization. Professionals, governmental agents, the public, and politicians all worked together to establish local, regional, state, and a nationwide comprehensive trauma/EMSS program that touch every state, territory, and community. A historical narrative is presented.
Related Concept Videos
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Cellular Injury I: Introduction
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
Traumatic Memory

