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Related Concept Videos

Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
Benefits of Self-Esteem01:25

Benefits of Self-Esteem

Self-esteem—an individual's overall evaluation of their worth—plays a complex role in psychological functioning and well-being. It is often associated with many positive traits, such as confidence, optimism, and perseverance. Individuals with high self-esteem typically experience better sleep, manage peer pressure more effectively, and report greater life satisfaction. Conversely, low self-esteem has been consistently linked with increased risks of depression, anxiety, and poor academic or...
Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
Self-Regulation01:25

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Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
06:57

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

Published on: February 12, 2021

Self-efficacy contributes to individual differences in subjective improvements using CPAP.

Kelly Glazer Baron1, Cynthia A Berg, Laura A Czajkowski

  • 1Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. k-baron@northwestern.edu

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
|September 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves mood and reduces sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Individual factors like self-efficacy and apnea severity influence daily benefits from CPAP adherence.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
06:57

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

Published on: February 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to mood disturbances and daytime sleepiness.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a primary treatment for OSA, often improving symptoms.
  • Patient response to CPAP varies, necessitating investigation into individual differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how individual differences affect the daily relationship between CPAP use and improvements in affect and sleepiness.
  • To understand variability in CPAP treatment response among patients with OSA.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, repeated measures study of 31 CPAP-naïve OSA patients.
  • Daily assessments of affect, sleepiness/fatigue, and CPAP adherence over 10 days.
  • Multilevel modeling used to analyze data, considering pre-treatment factors like OSA knowledge, expectations, and self-efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Nightly CPAP adherence correlated with improved next-day positive affect, negative affect, and sleepiness/fatigue.
  • Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), treatment self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies moderated daily improvements.
  • Higher self-efficacy and lower AHI strengthened the adherence-improvement link; high expectations weakened sleepiness improvement.

Conclusions:

  • CPAP use generally leads to daily improvements in affect and sleepiness for OSA patients.
  • Patients with lower AHI, higher self-efficacy, and moderate expectations experience more pronounced daily benefits.
  • Stronger adherence-improvement links may reinforce treatment efficacy in patients with high self-efficacy.