Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 8, 2026
07:51
Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
Published on: August 24, 2017
Schwarzschild microscope for carbon Kα radiation.
Applied Optics
|September 22, 2010
Summary
Researchers developed a new Schwarzschild objective with multilayer mirrors for carbon Kα radiation, achieving high-resolution imaging. This advancement enables < 0.5 µm resolution for advanced microscopy applications.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Materials Science
- X-ray Microscopy
Background:
- High-resolution imaging is crucial for scientific discovery.
- Developing advanced optical components is essential for pushing imaging limits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and fabricate a Schwarzschild objective for high-resolution imaging.
- To develop novel multilayer mirrors for carbon Kα radiation.
Main Methods:
- Designed and fabricated a Schwarzschild objective with ×32 magnification and 0.2 numerical aperture.
- Developed NiCr/C multilayer mirrors using ion-beam sputtering with corrected thickness distribution.
- Utilized an electron impact carbon Kα radiation source for imaging.
Main Results:
- Achieved a resolution of 0.1 µm within 30 µm of object height with the objective.
- Confirmed a resolution of < 0.5 µm in magnified images.
- Demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed multilayer mirrors.
Conclusions:
- The fabricated Schwarzschild objective and novel multilayer mirrors enable high-resolution X-ray microscopy.
- This technology advances imaging capabilities for nanoscale applications.
Related Concept Videos
01:13Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
01:20Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
01:05Absorption of Radiation
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
01:22Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...