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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

The mechanics of development: Models and methods for tissue morphogenesis.

Nikolce Gjorevski1, Celeste M Nelson

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today : Reviews
|September 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical forces guide embryonic organ development. New experimental methods now allow real-time measurement of tissue elasticity and stress, advancing our understanding of mechanobiology in organogenesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis
06:33

Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis

Published on: June 5, 2018

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
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Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Mechanobiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Embryonic development involves cell sculpting into organs.
  • Tissue mechanics and forces act as epigenetic regulators of morphogenesis.
  • Understanding mechanobiological effects in embryos needs novel experimental approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore mechanical and physical cues guiding cell fate and organogenesis.
  • To exemplify these cues using lung airway branching and heart tube bending.
  • To review technological advances in measuring developmental biomechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on lung airway branching and heart tube bending as model systems.
  • Highlighting technological advancements for real-time measurement of tissue elasticity.
  • Discussing methods for measuring endogenous mechanical stresses in developing embryos.
  • Reviewing techniques for manipulating forces within intact embryos.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical properties and forces are crucial epigenetic regulators of morphogenesis.
  • Specific examples illustrate how physical cues direct cell fate decisions.
  • Recent technologies enable in vivo measurement of tissue biomechanics during development.
  • Progress has been made in perturbing mechanical forces during embryogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanobiological forces are fundamental to embryonic organogenesis.
  • Advanced experimental techniques are crucial for studying these processes.
  • Further research into mechanical cues will deepen our understanding of development and disease.