Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Memory B cell subset shapes antitumor immunity and response to PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

SLC25A1 and ACLY maintain cytosolic acetyl-CoA and regulate ferroptosis susceptibility via FSP1 acetylation.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same author

Single-cell meta-analysis of inflammatory bowel disease with scIBD.

Nature computational science·2024
Same author

Inhibition of myeloid PD-L1 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and cancer bone metastasis.

Cancer gene therapy·2022
Same author

Fam20C Regulates Bone Resorption and Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis through Osteopontin and BMP4.

Cancer research·2021
Same author

Tenovin-1 inhibited dengue virus replication through SIRT2.

European journal of pharmacology·2021
Same journal

Mitochondria setting the stage for ferroptosis.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

Mitochondria produce lactate to vent redox pressure.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

Beyond fat storage: neuronal lipid droplets regulate whole-body metabolism.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

HDL resuscitates cells from ferroptosis.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

2-Methylbutyrylcarnitine (2MBC).

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

Decoding growth hormone actions on human growth plate stem cells.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

PPARγ in bone homeostasis.

Yihong Wan1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. yihong.wan@utsouthwestern.edu

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|September 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nuclear receptor PPARγ regulates bone remodeling. Its activation suppresses bone formation and promotes resorption, increasing fracture risk, particularly with drugs like rosiglitazone.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor regulating cellular and metabolic processes.
  • Emerging evidence implicates PPARγ in skeletal remodeling, with implications for bone health.
  • Synthetic PPARγ agonists, like rosiglitazone used for insulin resistance, are linked to increased fracture rates in diabetic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of PPARγ in bone homeostasis.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which PPARγ influences osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.
  • To understand the molecular pathways mediating the skeletal effects of PPARγ agonists.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of PPARγ's role in regulating mesenchymal and hematopoietic lineages.
  • Investigation of the transcriptional network involving PPARγ, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1β, and estrogen-related receptor α.
  • Assessment of PPARγ's impact on osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast activation.

Main Results:

  • PPARγ activation suppresses osteoblastogenesis (bone formation).
  • PPARγ activation enhances osteoclastogenesis (bone resorption).
  • A specific transcriptional network (PPARγ, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1β, estrogen-related receptor α) mediates rosiglitazone's pro-osteoclastogenic effects and mitochondrial activation.

Conclusions:

  • PPARγ plays a dual role in bone homeostasis by modulating both bone-forming (mesenchymal) and bone-resorbing (hematopoietic) cells.
  • PPARγ activation negatively impacts bone mass by inhibiting bone formation and promoting resorption.
  • Understanding PPARγ's function is critical for managing metabolic diseases and preventing skeletal complications.