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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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The extent of the...

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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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How do self-assembling polymers and gels age compared to glasses?

John Russo1, Francesco Sciortino

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica and CNR-ISC, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging gels show complex behavior. Our study clarifies contradictory experimental results by numerically investigating the fluctuation-dissipation plot using different probes, revealing sensitivity to the chosen observable.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Aging in gels and polymers presents complex dynamics.
  • Contradictory experimental findings exist regarding correlation and response functions during aging.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for materials science applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve discrepancies in experimental results on aging gels.
  • To numerically investigate the fluctuation-dissipation plot in different aging systems.
  • To determine the influence of probe selection on observed aging dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical investigation of the fluctuation-dissipation plot.
  • Utilizing two distinct observables: density Fourier transform and single-particle potential energy.
  • Comparing behavior in equilibrium polymers versus network-forming gels.

Main Results:

  • The fluctuation-dissipation plot exhibits distinct behaviors for different observables.
  • Violation of equilibrium behavior is observed specifically for the single-particle potential energy probe.
  • The density Fourier transform shows different aging characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of observable significantly impacts the interpretation of aging dynamics in gels.
  • Sensitivity to probe selection explains previously contradictory experimental results.
  • Experimentalists should carefully consider their chosen probes when studying aging phenomena in complex materials.