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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Limited resources in a driven diffusion process.

Chris A Brackley1, M Carmen Romano, Celso Grebogi

  • 1Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Particle movement in driven diffusion systems slows when resources are scarce. This study shows that limited amino acid-transfer RNA availability severely depletes resources during mRNA translation.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules
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Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Particle transport in driven diffusion systems is resource-dependent.
  • Limited resource availability can significantly reduce particle flow.
  • mRNA translation relies on the availability of amino acid-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of limited amino acid-tRNA availability on mRNA translation.
  • To explore the consequences of resource depletion in driven diffusion models within a biological context.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of driven diffusion models.
  • Simulation of mRNA translation dynamics under resource constraints.

Main Results:

  • A regime of markedly reduced particle flow was identified under limited resource conditions.
  • Severe depletion of amino acid-tRNAs was observed during mRNA translation in this regime.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of resource availability in biological transport processes.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates that limited amino acid-tRNA availability critically impacts mRNA translation efficiency.
  • These findings are vital for understanding translation and have implications for driven diffusion models in various applications.