Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 8, 2026
11:08
A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli
Published on: December 9, 2017
Protein acetylation in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes
1Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany. soppa@bio.uni-frankfurt.de
Archaea (Vancouver, B.C.)
|October 2, 2010
Summary
Protein acetylation, a key post-translational modification, differs significantly between eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Recent studies reveal widespread N-terminal acetylation in some archaea and highlight the underappreciated role of internal acetylation in archaeal viability.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Proteomics
Background:
- Protein acetylation occurs at N-terminal or internal lysine residues.
- N-terminal acetylation is common in eukaryotes but rare in bacteria.
- Recent studies show varied N-terminal acetylation patterns across archaeal lineages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the extent and significance of protein acetylation in archaea.
- To compare N-terminal and internal acetylation across different domains of life.
- To highlight the need for further research into archaeal protein acetylation.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of existing literature on protein acetylation.
- Review of proteomic studies on N-terminal and internal acetylation.
- Focus on acetylation patterns in haloarchaea, Sulfolobus, and methanogenic archaea.
Main Results:
- N-terminal acetylation is prevalent in haloarchaea and Sulfolobus, but not methanogenic archaea.
- Internal acetylation knowledge in archaea is limited, with only two known targets.
- Internal acetylation is crucial for haloarchaeal viability, suggesting broader importance.
Conclusions:
- Archaeal protein acetylation, particularly internal acetylation, is likely underestimated.
- Focused proteomic studies are essential to fully characterize archaeal protein acetylation.
- Understanding archaeal acetylation is key to comprehending archaeal biology and evolution.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:24Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions
Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
01:29Overview of Archaea
Archaea, named after the Archaean eon, represent a unique domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, with remarkable traits. Their cellular and molecular features, ecological adaptability, and industrial relevance highlight their importance in understanding life processes and leveraging biotechnology.Cellular and Molecular CharacteristicsA defining feature of archaea is their unique membrane composition. Archaeal membranes contain ether-linked isoprenoid lipids, which confer...
01:24Nucleoid
The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...