Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oncologic manifestations of Klinefelter syndrome.

Hormones (Athens, Greece)·2020
Same author

Kidney Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Vitamin D Supplementation.

JAMA·2020
Same author

Recurrent thyrotoxicosis following near-total thyroidectomy.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)·2020
Same author

Hypothyroidism following gastric sleeve surgery resolved by ingesting crushed thyroxine tablets.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)·2020
Same author

Resolution of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D replacement.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)·2020
Same author

Hypervitaminosis D without toxicity.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)·2020
Same journal

The Five Essential Concepts of Developmental Medicine: A Medical Paradigm for People with Developmental Disabilities.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

α-Gal Syndrome in the South: Why We Need Treatment Trials, Not Just Tick Prevention.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Association between Main Pancreatic Duct Size, Comorbidities, and Fistula Formation after Whipple Procedure for Pancreatic Cancer.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Impact of Temperature Variation on Patients with Acute Severe Asthma.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Assessing the Accuracy and Reliability of ChatGPT-4 to Answer Clinical EHR Messages in Sports Medicine.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic Utility and Clinical Implications of Inpatient Fecal Occult Blood Testing.

Southern medical journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Kounis syndrome.

Pablo R Lopez1, Alan N Peiris

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, and Mountain Home Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Johnson City, TN 37416-1709, USA. LOPEZ@mail.etsu.edu

Southern Medical Journal
|October 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kounis syndrome links acute coronary events with allergic reactions. It presents as allergic angina or myocardial infarction, with two subtypes based on coronary artery disease presence and mechanism.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The link between acute coronary events and allergic reactions has been recognized since 1950.
  • Kounis syndrome, described in 1991, encompasses allergic angina and myocardial infarction.
  • It involves diverse triggers, including medications, environmental factors, and medical conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathobiology of Kounis syndrome.
  • To outline the clinical features and associated conditions.
  • To discuss current management strategies for Kounis syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Kounis syndrome.
  • Analysis of reported cases and associated conditions.
  • Synthesis of information on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Kounis syndrome has two subtypes: Type I (coronary spasm in non-CAD patients) and Type II (plaque erosion/rupture in CAD patients).
  • Associated conditions include Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, drug-eluted stent thrombosis, and coronary allograft vasculopathy.
  • The syndrome highlights the complex interplay between allergic responses and cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

  • Kounis syndrome represents a distinct entity linking allergy and acute coronary syndromes.
  • Understanding its subtypes and associated conditions is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate its full spectrum and optimize therapeutic approaches.