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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

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Published on: October 11, 2016

Scattered-light properties of diffraction gratings.

T N Woods, R T Wrigley Iii, G J Rottman

    Applied Optics
    |October 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Scattered light from diffraction gratings has two components: a predicted Lorentzian type and a constant background from surface imperfections. Replicated gratings show increased scattered light compared to their masters.

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Scattered light is a critical calibration parameter for scientific spectrometers.
    • Light scattering originates from optical surfaces, baffles, and grating imperfections.
    • For diffraction-grating spectrometers, grating scatter is the dominant stray-light source.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the scattered-light properties of diffraction gratings.
    • To analyze the contribution of grating scatter to overall spectrometer stray light.
    • To investigate the impact of grating replication on scattered-light performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of scattered-light properties for 10 diffraction gratings.
    • Analysis of scattered light in three spectrometers using grating data.

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  • Component analysis of grating scattered light.

    • Main Results:

    • Grating scattered light comprises a Lorentzian component and a constant background.
    • The Lorentzian component aligns with diffraction theory predictions.
    • The background component is consistent with Rayleigh scattering from surface defects.
    • Replicated gratings exhibit 1.1-2 times more scattered light than their predecessors.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffraction grating scatter has predictable and background components.
    • Surface imperfections significantly contribute to grating stray light.
    • Grating replication processes can degrade scattered-light performance, necessitating careful quality control.