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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Related Experiment Video

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A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants

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Published on: February 19, 2016

Rapid and Sensitive Colorimetric ELISA using Silver Nanoparticles, Microwaves and Split Ring Resonator Structures.

Sarah A Addae¹, Melissa A Pinard, Humeyra Caglayan

¹Morgan State University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.

Nano Biomedicine and Engineering

|October 19, 2010

Summary

This study introduces a novel Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using silver nanoparticles and microwaves. This rapid ELISA significantly reduces assay time to under 2 minutes and improves detection limits by 100-fold.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Assay Development

Background:

Traditional Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) can be time-consuming.
Improving assay speed and sensitivity is crucial for high-throughput screening and diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a significantly faster and more sensitive colorimetric ELISA.
To reduce assay time to less than 2 minutes and lower the detection limit by 100-fold.

Main Methods:

Combined silver nanoparticles, microwaves, and split ring resonators (SRR) for enhanced ELISA.
Utilized SRR structures to focus electric fields for rapid, uniform microwave heating of the bioassay.
Employed silver nanoparticles to create a thermal gradient for rapid protein assembly without denaturation.

Main Results:

Achieved a total assay time of less than 2 minutes, a reduction from 70 minutes.
Demonstrated a 100-fold improvement in the lower detection limit for biotinylated-bovine serum albumin (b-BSA), reaching 0.01 nM.
Validated the proof-of-principle for detecting model proteins using the novel microwave-assisted SRR-ELISA.

Conclusions:

The novel microwave-assisted SRR-ELISA offers a substantial improvement in speed and sensitivity over conventional methods.
This approach holds potential for rapid diagnostics and high-throughput biological assays.
The integration of nanotechnology and microwave heating presents a promising avenue for next-generation bioassays.