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Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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An Alternative to the Traditional Cold Pressor Test: The Cold Pressor Arm Wrap
09:16

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Published on: January 16, 2014

Alternatives in polymerization contraction stress management.

Roberto R Braga1, Jack L Ferracane

  • 1Departament of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo.

Journal of Applied Oral Science : Revista FOB
|October 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Dental composite polymerization contraction stress can cause restoration failure. Understanding composite composition, curing, and cavity factors is key to minimizing this stress and improving bonded restoration longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Restorative Dentistry

Background:

  • Polymerization contraction stress in dental composites is a significant factor contributing to marginal and interfacial failure in bonded restorations.
  • The degree of stress is influenced by composite composition (filler and matrix) and pre-gelation flow, which are affected by cavity configuration and curing parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review variations in contraction stress testing methods for dental composites.
  • To analyze contraction stress values of contemporary composites and their correlation with microleakage test results.
  • To discuss the impact of curing rates, alternative curing routines, low elastic modulus liners, and novel low-shrinkage monomers on contraction stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on dental composite polymerization contraction stress.
  • Analysis of data from studies employing various contraction stress testing methodologies.
  • Comparison of contraction stress values with microleakage data from relevant studies.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations exist in contraction stress testing methods across studies.
  • Composite composition and curing characteristics critically influence contraction stress.
  • Lower curing rates and specific liners may mitigate contraction stress, while new monomers show promise for shrinkage reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Contraction stress is a critical parameter influencing the clinical success of dental composite restorations.
  • Standardized testing methods and further research into low-shrinkage materials and optimized curing protocols are needed to minimize stress and enhance restoration durability.