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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: July 24, 2019
Nonlinear decline of mini-mental state examination in Parkinson's disease
Dag Aarsland1, Graciela Muniz, Fiona Matthews
1Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. daarsland@gmail.com
Abstract:
The trajectory of cognitive functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is not known. We used a random change point model to study the individual cognitive trajectory for up to 15 years in a prevalence sample of 238 PD patients, and used the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) to assess the longitudinal cognitive course. We observed that the rate of global cognitive decline was nonlinear. Following a relatively stable period, an inflection point was identified, after which the rate of decline gained momentum with an annual decline of 2.8 points on the MMSE. The course was similar in men and women. This inflection point was estimated to occur 13.3 years (95% credible interval 11.8, 13.6) after the diagnosis of PD; however, there were wide interindividual variations in the time from onset of PD to the inflection point.
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