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COVERS Neonatal Pain Scale: Development and Validation.

Ivan L Hand1, Lawrence Noble, Donna Geiss

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Queens Hospital Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 82-68 164th Street, Jamaica, NY 11432, USA.

International Journal of Pediatrics
|October 27, 2010
PubMed
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A new pain scale, the COVERS scale, accurately assesses pain in all newborns and infants, regardless of age or condition. This universal pain assessment tool simplifies monitoring during hospitalization.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pain assessment in infants
  • Pediatric pain management

Background:

  • Hospitalized newborns and infants frequently undergo painful procedures.
  • Existing pain scales are often population-specific, limiting universal application.
  • A need exists for a comprehensive pain assessment tool applicable to all neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the COVERS (Comfortable Observation and Vital Signs) scale for pain assessment in newborns and infants.
  • To evaluate the COVERS scale's applicability across different gestational ages and physiological states.
  • To compare the COVERS scale's efficacy against established pain assessment tools.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the COVERS scale, incorporating 6 physiological and behavioral indicators.

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  • Evaluation of newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Well Baby Nursery settings.
  • Pain assessment during heel prick and diaper change procedures using COVERS, CRIES, PIPP, and NIPS scales.

    • Main Results:

    • The COVERS scale demonstrated high correlation with the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) in premature infants (r = 0.84).
    • Strong correlation was observed between the COVERS scale and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) in full-term infants (r = 0.95).
    • The COVERS scale provided consistent pain assessments across varying infant populations.

    Conclusions:

    • The COVERS scale is a valid and reliable tool for clinical pain assessment in all newborns and infants.
    • Its universal applicability simplifies pain management regardless of gestational age or clinical condition.
    • The COVERS scale offers a standardized approach to neonatal pain evaluation.