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Antigen and antibody detection and update on the diagnosis of dengue
1Yale Arbovirus Research Unit, New Haven, CT 06510.
Abstract:
The diagnosis of dengue is an imperfect science. By 1983 we had sensitive isolation systems including arthropods and arthropod cell cultures, specific-and group-reactive monoclonal antibodies, and a rapid and sensitive immunoassay for IgM and IgG. Progress in the past 7 years encompasses the use of monocyte lines for primary isolation, a more rapid plaque reduction neutralization test with BHK-21 cells, labeled RNA probes to detect dengue-specific nucleic acid, and improved ELISA technology with specific synthetic and engineered antigens.
Insights
Diagnosing dengue fever has improved with new techniques. Advances include better cell cultures, rapid antibody tests, and genetic probes for detecting dengue virus.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Diagnostic Medicine
Background:
- Dengue virus diagnosis historically relied on less sensitive methods.
- By 1983, advancements included arthropod isolation, monoclonal antibodies, and immunoassays for IgM and IgG.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the progress in dengue virus diagnostic technologies over a 7-year period.
- To highlight advancements in viral isolation, neutralization testing, nucleic acid detection, and antigen-based immunoassays.
Main Methods:
- Utilized monocyte cell lines for enhanced primary dengue virus isolation.
- Developed a faster plaque reduction neutralization test using BHK-21 cells.
- Employed labeled RNA probes for direct detection of dengue-specific nucleic acid.
- Improved Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technology with synthetic and engineered antigens.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated increased sensitivity and speed in dengue virus detection methods.
- Showcased the utility of molecular probes for specific viral identification.
- Highlighted advancements in immunoassay technology for more accurate IgM and IgG detection.
- Confirmed the effectiveness of new cell culture and neutralization test systems.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in dengue virus diagnostics, moving towards more rapid and sensitive methods.
- The integration of molecular and improved immunological techniques offers enhanced capabilities for dengue diagnosis.
- Continued innovation in diagnostic platforms is crucial for effective dengue virus surveillance and patient management.