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Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...

The Nucleosome Core Particle

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...

The Nucleosome Core Particle

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

Functional interactions between nucleoporins and chromatin.

Yun Liang¹, Martin W Hetzer

¹Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

|October 30, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) control nuclear transport and also regulate gene expression and chromatin organization. This review highlights the dual roles of NPCs and their components, nucleoporins, in managing nuclear functions.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are essential channels regulating molecular traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
Emerging evidence reveals nucleoporins, NPC components, possess transport-independent functions.
These functions include critical roles in chromatin organization and gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the current understanding of NPCs as dynamic hubs.
To explore the integration of chromatin regulation and nuclear trafficking.
To discuss the interplay between nucleoporins and the nuclear genome.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of recent findings.
Analysis of established and emerging roles of nucleoporins.
Conceptual integration of transport and regulatory functions.

Main Results:

NPCs are not merely passive channels but active regulators.
Nucleoporins play significant roles in organizing chromatin structure.
Nucleoporins are involved in modulating gene expression patterns.

Conclusions:

NPCs serve as a central platform integrating nuclear transport and genome regulation.
The functional interplay between nucleoporins and the genome is crucial for cellular homeostasis.
Future research should further elucidate these multifaceted roles of NPCs.