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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Knowledge competence in clinical and counseling training and readiness for internship
James M Stedman1, Lawrence S Schoenfeld
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-7792, USA. Stedman@UTHSCSA.EDU
Abstract:
The concept of competence has become the driving force in the education and training of professional psychologists. In fact, competence has evolved into increasingly sophisticated forms, now perhaps best represented by the cube model, which integrates foundational, functional, and developmental variables into ideas about professional training. This article considers one component of professional training, scientific knowledge, and argues that knowledge competence, measured by the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology, should occur before a student is certified as internship ready.
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