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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Assessment of Endothelial Cell Migration After Exposure to Toxic Chemicals
Published on: July 10, 2015
Long-term skin damage due to chemical weapon exposure
Alireza Firooz1, Bardia Sadr, Seyed M Davoudi
1Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. frozali@sina.tums.ac.ir
Abstract:
Sulfur mustard (2,2-dichlorodiethyl sulfide: SM), the protagonist of vesicant chemical weapons, was first used in July 1917. Despite prohibition of its production and use by international conventions, it has been used in several conflicts. More than 100,000 soldiers and civilians were injured due to SM exposure during Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988). The acute skin lesions consist of erythema, edema, and blisters. Skin xerosis and pruritus, pigmentation disorders, scars, and cherry angiomas are among the most common long-term skin lesions after contact with SM. Although SM is a well-known carcinogenic substance, skin cancers are rarely reported.
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