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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Prolonged hemiplegic migraine.

Hilana A Hatoum1, Ahmed A Hassan, Youssef A Al-Said

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 40047, Jeddah 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. hmmachmouchi@hotmail.com.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|November 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights a rare instance of sporadic hemiplegic migraine presenting with prolonged quadriplegia. Diffusion-weighted imaging was crucial in ruling out stroke, confirming the migraine diagnosis.

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Published on: June 2, 2014

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hemiplegic migraine is a rare variant characterized by temporary neurological deficits.
  • Distinguishing hemiplegic migraine from migrainous stroke requires thorough clinical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of sporadic hemiplegic migraine.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and imaging's role in differentiating from stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case presentation.
  • Review of patient history and neurological symptoms.
  • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced prolonged hemiplegic migraine symptoms, progressing to quadriplegia.
  • Complete neurological recovery occurred within 7 days.
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging excluded cerebral infarction.

Conclusions:

  • Sporadic hemiplegic migraine can present with unusually severe and prolonged symptoms.
  • Advanced neuroimaging is vital for accurate diagnosis and excluding ischemic events.