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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
09:35

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Published on: May 19, 2020

Multiple sclerosis with recurrent meningitis.

Mansour A Al-Moallem1, Radwan M Zaidan, Nura H Alkali

  • 1Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|November 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent meningitis can be an unusual symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease. Recognizing this atypical MS manifestation can prevent unnecessary investigations and guide appropriate treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease.
  • Aseptic meningitis is rarely associated with MS.
  • Some aseptic meningitis syndromes mimic MS with central nervous system demyelination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recurrent meningitis as a potential atypical manifestation of MS.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering MS in patients with recurrent meningitis and MS-like illness.
  • To guide clinicians in avoiding extensive investigations for alternative diagnoses.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a young woman with a 7-year history of MS-like illness and recurrent meningitis.
  • Review of diagnostic challenges in differentiating MS from other causes of aseptic meningitis.
  • Clinical evaluation and diagnostic workup for the presented case.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with an MS-like illness and recurrent meningitis over seven years.
  • Extensive investigations did not initially reveal an alternative diagnosis.
  • Recurrent meningitis was ultimately considered an atypical manifestation of MS in this case.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent meningitis can be an atypical presentation of multiple sclerosis.
  • Recognizing this association can prevent unnecessary and costly investigations.
  • Early identification of MS as the cause can lead to appropriate therapeutic interventions.