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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Complete Thymectomy in Adult Rats with Non-invasive Endotracheal Intubation
Published on: December 29, 2014
Surgical management of stage III thymic tumors
Federico Venuta1, Erino A Rendina, Walter Klepetko
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Cattedra di Chirurgia Toracica, Viale del Policlinico, 00166 Rome, Italy. federico.venuta@uniroma1.it
Abstract:
Thymic tumors are classified as stage III when they clearly invade the surrounding structures: pericardium, great vessels (superior vena cava, innominate veins, ascending aorta, and main pulmonary artery), lung parenchyma, phrenic nerves, and chest wall. Surgical treatment with or without induction therapy should always aim to complete resection removing en bloc all the involved structures. Also, extended procedures are justified because only R0 resection allows long-term survival.
