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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...

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Distinguishing Tracheobronchomalacia and Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse on Dynamic CT Images.

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Clarifying Key Points: Tracheobronchoplasty for EDAC and TBM.

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Tracheobronchomalacia in adults.

Sidhu P Gangadharan1

  • 1Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. sgangadh@bidmc.harvard.edu

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Severe tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) causes breathing problems and infections. Surgical airway stabilization offers a permanent solution for this underrecognized condition, unlike temporary stenting.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a significant cause of respiratory distress, often misdiagnosed.
  • Comorbidities like asthma and COPD can mask TBM symptoms, delaying diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical significance of airway collapse in TBM.
  • To evaluate surgical stabilization (tracheobronchoplasty) as a definitive treatment for TBM.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves airway computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy with forced expiration.
  • Assessing airway collapse, focusing on near-complete airway closure as the clinically significant threshold.
  • Utilizing short-term stent trials to guide surgical selection for tracheobronchoplasty.

Main Results:

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
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Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
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Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

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  • The standard definition of TBM (50% area reduction) is nonspecific.
  • Clinically significant TBM is characterized by near-complete airway collapse.
  • Tracheobronchoplasty effectively and permanently corrects malacic airways.

Conclusions:

  • Tracheobronchoplasty is a durable and effective treatment for severe TBM.
  • Pre-operative stent trials aid in selecting appropriate surgical candidates.
  • Accurate diagnosis and treatment of TBM are crucial for improving patient outcomes.