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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

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Published on: September 5, 2019

Cross-structural priming: prepositional phrase attachment primes relative clause attachment.

Maaike Loncke¹, Sébastien M J Van Laere, Timothy Desmet

¹Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Maaike.Loncke@ugent.be

Experimental Psychology

|November 26, 2010

Summary

Syntactic priming can occur between different sentence structures. A study found that how a prepositional phrase attaches in one sentence influences how a relative clause attaches in another, challenging existing linguistic theories.

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Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Computational Linguistics
Cognitive Science

Background:

Syntactic priming demonstrates how exposure to a particular sentence structure influences the production of subsequent structures.
Previous research primarily focused on priming within similar syntactic constructions.
The role of abstract structural representations versus specific phrase-structure rules in priming remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether syntactic priming of attachment height can occur between dissimilar syntactic structures.
To determine if abstract structural representations, rather than specific phrase-structure rules, underlie cross-structural priming.
To provide evidence against explanations of priming based solely on sequences of phrase-structure rules.

Main Methods:

A sentence completion experiment was conducted.
Participants were exposed to prime sentences with varying attachment heights (high vs. low) of prepositional phrases (PPs) to complex noun phrases (CNPs).
The attachment height of relative clauses (RCs) in subsequent target sentences was measured to assess priming effects.

Main Results:

Attachment height of a PP in a prime sentence significantly primed the attachment height of an RC in a target sentence.
This cross-structural priming effect was observed despite PPs and RCs being generated by different phrase-structure rules.
The findings indicate that priming is not solely dependent on the priming of specific phrase-structure rules or their sequences.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates a novel cross-structural priming effect for attachment height.
Results suggest that abstract hierarchical configurations of complex noun phrases and their modifiers are mentally represented and can be primed.
This challenges theories that explain syntactic priming exclusively through the priming of specific phrase-structure rules.