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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection
08:03

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection

Published on: June 23, 2020

Spine infection/inflammation.

Jeffrey DeSanto1, Jeffrey S Ross

  • 1Neuroradiology Department, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA. jeffrey_desanto@yahoo.com

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|November 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for spinal infections and inflammatory conditions. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of these often indistinguishable spinal lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Spinal inflammatory and infectious lesions present diagnostic challenges.
  • Distinguishing between inflammatory and infectious causes is critical for treatment.
  • Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a key modality for evaluating these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of MR imaging in diagnosing spinal infections and inflammatory conditions.
  • To outline an anatomic approach for evaluating spinal lesions.
  • To review common infectious agents affecting the spine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MR imaging findings in infectious and inflammatory spinal conditions.
  • Anatomic categorization of spinal compartments (external to internal).
  • Discussion of specific infectious pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory and infectious spinal lesions can be difficult to differentiate on imaging and pathology.
  • MR imaging is essential for identifying and characterizing spinal pathology.
  • A systematic approach aids in diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Radiologists play a vital role in diagnosing treatable spinal infections.
  • Understanding MR imaging features is key to differentiating spinal conditions.
  • Comprehensive evaluation of the spine aids in identifying causative agents.