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Published on: December 1, 2017
Physical activity and genitourinary cancer prevention
1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. michael.leitzmann@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
Summary
Regular physical activity may slightly lower the risk of prostate and renal cell cancers, but shows no association with bladder or testicular cancers. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor with potential implications for cancer prevention.
- Genitourinary cancers, including prostate, bladder, renal cell, and testicular cancers, represent a significant global health burden.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize findings from epidemiologic studies on the association between physical activity and the risk of genitourinary cancers.
- To identify specific cancer types and populations where physical activity may play a role in risk reduction.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing epidemiologic studies.
- Analysis of associations between physical activity levels (intensity, duration) and genitourinary cancer incidence.
- Stratification of results by cancer type, participant demographics, and study design.
Main Results:
- A weak inverse association was observed between physical activity and the risk of prostate and renal cell cancers (average risk reduction <10%).
- The inverse association for prostate cancer was stronger in studies assessing activity intensity or focusing on fatal outcomes.
- Physical activity showed no significant association with bladder or testicular cancer risk. Associations for renal cell cancer varied by sex, weight, and age.
Conclusions:
- Physical activity may offer a modest protective effect against prostate and renal cell cancers, but not bladder or testicular cancers.
- Future research should enhance physical activity assessment methods, including objective measures and life-course perspectives.
- Further investigation into the roles of fitness, prognosis, survival, and underlying biological mechanisms is warranted.
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