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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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Estradiol-dependent perforin expression by human regulatory T-cells.

Larissa Valor1, Roseta Teijeiro, Carol Aristimuño

  • 1Department of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|December 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Estradiol (E2) expands regulatory T-cells (T(Reg)), enhancing their cytotoxic function via the perforin pathway. This highlights a potential interaction between E2 and immune regulation mechanisms.

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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (T(Reg)) suppress immune responses through cell contact-dependent mechanisms.
  • T(Reg) may utilize the perforin/granzyme pathway for cytotoxicity, as evidenced by their activity against autologous target cells.
  • Estradiol (E2) is known to modulate T(Reg) percentages and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the expression of perforin in regulatory T-cells (T(Reg)) in pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.
  • To investigate the effect of estradiol (E2) and T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation on T(Reg) function and phenotype.
  • To determine the presence of cytotoxic markers in T(Reg) under various conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to assess intracellular perforin expression in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T(Reg).
  • Experiments were conducted on whole blood, ex-vivo purified T(Reg), and T(Reg) stimulated with TCR and E2.
  • Expression of cellular degranulation markers, including LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, was phenotypically determined.

Main Results:

  • Estradiol (E2) was found to expand T(Reg) populations and enhance their in vitro function.
  • E2 stimulation increased perforin expression in T(Reg) more significantly than TCR activation alone.
  • Surface expression of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 indicated cell degranulation and cytotoxic activity in T(Reg).

Conclusions:

  • Functional cytotoxic properties of regulatory T-cells (T(Reg)) are present in biological systems.
  • Estradiol (E2) enhances both the number and function of T(Reg).
  • These findings suggest a significant interaction between estradiol and immune regulatory mechanisms.