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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Postoperative circadian disturbances.

Ismail Gögenur1

  • 1Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, Denmark. ismgog01@heh.regionh.dk

Danish Medical Bulletin
|December 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgery disrupts patients' natural body rhythms, affecting recovery. While melatonin showed some benefit in specific pain groups, it's not yet a general recommendation for improving postoperative outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Surgical Recovery
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms (hormone excretion, sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, autonomic nervous system, activity) are crucial in health and disease.
  • Growing interest in how circadian variations impact surgical outcomes, including recovery, morbidity, and mortality.
  • Limited research exists on endogenous rhythms in relation to surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate endogenous rhythms and their influencing factors in surgical patients.
  • Examine correlations between postoperative circadian disturbances and recovery parameters.
  • Assess the potential of chronobiotics (e.g., melatonin) to improve postoperative recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Series of studies exploring various endogenous rhythms and factors affecting them.
  • Monitoring of melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (AMT6s) excretion, core body temperature, sleep-wake cycle, autonomic nervous system tone, and activity rhythm.
  • Correlation analysis between circadian parameters and postoperative recovery metrics.
  • Evaluation of melatonin substitution in specific patient subgroups.

Main Results:

  • All examined endogenous rhythms were disturbed post-surgery.
  • A delay in melatonin and AMT6s rhythm was observed the first night after surgery, correlated with surgery duration in major cases.
  • Core body temperature and sleep-wake cycle (increased REM sleep) were disturbed.
  • Autonomic nervous system imbalance (increased myocardial ischemic episodes) and altered activity rhythm were noted.
  • Melatonin substitution showed a positive effect only in patients with below-median pain levels post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Surgery systematically disrupts circadian rhythms in hormones, sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, autonomic function, and activity.
  • Postoperative circadian rhythm parameters correlate with sleep quality and recovery measures.
  • Current evidence does not support general recommendations for oral melatonin to improve postoperative recovery; further trials in specific subgroups are needed.