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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Oral glucose loading attenuates endothelial function in normal individual.

Kentaro Watanabe1, Kenzo Oba, Tatsuya Suzuki

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine (Divisions of Cardiology, Hepatology, Geriatrics and Integrated Medicine), Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|December 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Oral glucose loading impairs vascular endothelial function and shortens peak times in healthy individuals. This glucose fluctuation impacts atherosclerosis risk, even with normal glucose tolerance.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Endothelial Function

Background:

  • Investigated the link between glucose variability and vascular endothelial function.
  • Assessed endothelial function in healthy individuals without a diabetes family history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of acute oral glucose loading on vascular endothelial function.
  • To determine if glucose fluctuations affect endothelial function markers in normal glucose tolerance individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and peak times (PT) before and after oral glucose loading.
  • Assessed brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) post-glucose load.
  • Compared measurements between subjects and healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Oral glucose loading significantly reduced FMD in subjects compared to pre-load and controls at specific time points.
  • Peak times (PT) were significantly shorter in subjects post-glucose load.
  • Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) showed no significant correlation with FMD.

Conclusions:

  • Acute oral glucose loading attenuates endothelial function (FMD) and alters hyperaemic response times (PT).
  • Glucose fluctuations contribute to atherosclerosis risk by impairing endothelial function, even in individuals with normal glucose tolerance.