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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

Molecular genetics and genetic variation.

Mohammed-Elfatih Twfieg1, M Dawn Teare

  • 1Department of Probability and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. md4met@sheffield.ac.uk

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter explains molecular genetics for genetic epidemiology, covering genetic material organization, transmission, and variation. Understanding these core concepts is crucial for studying disease patterns in populations.

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Genetics
  • Genetic Epidemiology

Background:

  • Genetic epidemiology relies on understanding fundamental molecular genetics principles.
  • Key concepts include the structure of genetic material and its transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide concise notes on molecular genetics relevant to genetic epidemiology.
  • To cover the organization and physical structure of genetic material.
  • To explain mechanisms of genetic material transmission across generations.
  • To describe various forms of genetic variation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established molecular genetics principles.
  • Focus on aspects pertinent to genetic epidemiology.
  • Structured presentation of information on genetic material, transmission, and variation.

Main Results:

  • Detailed notes on the organization and physical structure of genetic material.
  • Explanation of the mechanisms involved in transmitting genetic material.
  • Overview of different forms of genetic variation.

Conclusions:

  • Provides a foundational understanding of molecular genetics for researchers in genetic epidemiology.
  • Highlights the importance of genetic material organization, transmission, and variation in epidemiological studies.