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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

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Sister acts: coordinating DNA replication and cohesion establishment.

Rebecca Sherwood1, Tatsuro S Takahashi, Prasad V Jallepalli

  • 1Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.

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|December 17, 2010
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Summary

The cohesin complex links sister chromatids during cell division. Its regulation by DNA replication machinery and its influence on chromosome replication are reviewed.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The cohesin complex is essential for linking sister chromatids, crucial for homologous recombination and accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • Cohesin's function in cycling cells is primarily restricted to S phase, highlighting its dependence on DNA replication.
  • Loading and establishment factors for cohesin are closely linked to the DNA replication process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms governing cohesin by the DNA replication machinery.
  • To explore recent findings on cohesin's influence on chromosome replication.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the interplay between cohesin and DNA replication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on cohesin complex.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the regulation of cohesin by replication factors.
  • Examination of evidence detailing cohesin's role in influencing DNA replication.

Main Results:

  • Cohesin loading and establishment are tightly regulated by and coordinated with DNA replication.
  • The replication machinery plays a key role in controlling when and how cohesin establishes sister chromatid linkages.
  • Emerging evidence suggests cohesin actively participates in and influences the process of chromosome replication.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesin's cell cycle-dependent activity is intrinsically tied to DNA replication.
  • A dynamic interplay exists where replication machinery regulates cohesin, and cohesin, in turn, impacts replication.
  • Understanding this relationship is vital for comprehending genome stability and cell division fidelity.