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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Proteostenosis and plasma cell pathophysiology.

Simone Cenci1, Eelco van Anken, Roberto Sitia

  • 1Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|December 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma cells, crucial for antibody production, offer insights into cellular senescence and proteostasis. Proteotoxic stresses regulate their lifespan, impacting cancer therapeutics and multiple myeloma treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plasma cells are differentiated B lymphocytes responsible for sustained antibody production.
  • As highly specialized secretory cells, they provide a model for studying proteostasis within the exocytic compartment.
  • Most plasma cells are short-lived, undergoing apoptosis after a period of intense immunoglobulin production, serving as a model for cellular senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key findings regarding plasma cells and their role in proteostasis.
  • To explore the implications of proteotoxic stress in regulating plasma cell biogenesis, function, and lifespan.
  • To discuss the relevance of these findings for understanding cellular senescence and developing cancer therapeutics, particularly for multiple myeloma.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent observations on plasma cell biology.
  • Analysis of the role of proteotoxic stress in plasma cell regulation.
  • Examination of the connection between plasma cell characteristics and multiple myeloma.

Main Results:

  • Proteotoxic stresses physiologically regulate plasma cell biogenesis, function, and lifespan.
  • Plasma cells serve as a unique model for studying cellular senescence.
  • The sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to proteasome inhibitors is partly explained by proteotoxic stress regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Lessons learned from plasma cells offer general implications for the regulation of proteostasis.
  • Understanding plasma cell senescence can inform strategies for cancer therapeutics.
  • Proteotoxic stress is a key physiological regulator in plasma cells with therapeutic relevance.