[Nutritional support to prevent infectious complications after surgery].

Area of Science:

• Surgical Nutrition
• Perioperative Medicine
• Clinical Nutrition

Context:

• Patient nutritional status significantly impacts surgical outcomes.
• Poor nutrition is linked to increased postoperative complications, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates.
• Effective perioperative nutritional management is key to preventing infectious complications.

Purpose:

• To review the role of nutritional support in preventing postoperative complications.
• To highlight the importance of assessing nutritional status for selecting appropriate dietary regimens.
• To discuss the benefits and drawbacks of various nutritional therapies in surgical patients.

Summary:

• Nutritional status is a critical determinant of surgical treatment success.
• Perioperative nutritional interventions, including oral and enteral nutrition, are vital for patient recovery.
• Early enteral nutrition and specialized therapies like immunonutrition and synbiotics show promise in reducing surgical site infections.

Impact:

• Improved understanding of nutritional therapy's contribution to surgical patient recovery.
• Guidance for clinicians in selecting optimal nutritional regimens to minimize postoperative complications.
• Potential for enhanced patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs through evidence-based nutritional support.