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The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin
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Published on: November 26, 2013

Ambulance need at mass gatherings.

Elissa Meites1, John F Brown

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|December 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Public health policy for mass gatherings can use community baseline data to estimate ambulance needs. Mass gatherings had a lower ambulance transport rate than the community baseline, suggesting current policies may be overly conservative.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Event Management

Background:

  • Limited evidence guides public health policy for mass gatherings.
  • San Francisco mandated standby ambulances for events with >15,500 attendees since 2006.
  • The study aimed to evaluate ambulance needs and inform policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ambulance utilization at mass gatherings.
  • To compare mass gathering ambulance transport rates with community baseline data.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for public health policy.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed emergency medical services plans for events with >1,000 attendees in San Francisco (2006-2007).
  • Calculated ambulance transport rates per event attendance and compared them to county baseline rates.

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  • Utilized risk ratios, significance testing, and confidence intervals for analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Ambulance transport rate at mass gatherings was 1 per 59,000 people (vs. 1 per 20,000 baseline).
    • Mass gathering transport rate was significantly lower than community baseline (Risk Ratio=0.15).
    • 46% of standby ambulances at events remained unused.

    Conclusions:

    • Mass gatherings in San Francisco present a lower risk for ambulance transport than the general community.
    • Community baseline data is a suitable standard for setting mass gathering ambulance policies.
    • Current policies requiring standby ambulances may be overly conservative.