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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers
Published on: October 23, 2018
Precise, real-time, every-single-shot, carrier-envelope phase measurement of ultrashort laser pulses
A M Sayler1, Tim Rathje, Walter Müller
1Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany. sayler@uni-jena.de
Abstract:
In this Letter we demonstrate a method for real-time determination of the carrier-envelope phase of each and every single ultrashort laser pulse at kilohertz repetition rates. The technique expands upon the recent work of Wittmann and incorporates a stereographic above-threshold laser-induced ionization measurement and electronics optimized to produce a signal corresponding to the carrier-envelope phase within microseconds of the laser interaction, thereby facilitating data-tagging and feedback applications. We achieve a precision of 113 mrad (6.5°) over the entire 2π range.
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