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Validation of the Eichner index in relation to occlusal force and masticatory performance
Kazunoir Ikebe1, Ken-ichi Matsuda, Shunsuke Murai
1Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. ikebe@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp
The International Journal of Prosthodontics
|January 7, 2011
Summary
The Eichner Index shows that losing posterior occlusal contacts significantly impacts chewing ability and force, even with dentures. Maintaining premolar contacts is crucial for optimal oral function.
Area of Science:
- Dental science
- Gerontology
- Oral health research
Background:
- The Eichner Index categorizes posterior occlusal contact loss.
- Validation of Eichner Index subgroups for oral functions is lacking.
- Oral function assessment in individuals with normal or restored dentition is important.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between posterior occlusal contact loss and occlusal force.
- To examine the relationship between posterior occlusal contact loss and masticatory performance.
- To validate Eichner Index subgroups in relation to oral functions in older adults.
Main Methods:
- 1,288 independently living patients over 60 years old were studied.
- Subjects were classified into 10 Eichner Index subgroups based on posterior occlusal contacts.
- Occlusal force was measured using pressure-sensitive sheets, and masticatory performance was assessed using dissolved glucose concentration from comminuted gummy jellies.
Main Results:
- Both occlusal force and masticatory performance significantly correlated with posterior occlusal contacts.
- Occlusal force decreased significantly with increased loss of occlusal contacts.
- Masticatory performance also reduced with fewer occlusal contacts, but showed a more gradual decline.
Conclusions:
- Eichner Index subgroups are significantly associated with reduced oral functions, even with removable prostheses.
- Preserving bilateral premolar occlusal contacts (Eichner B2) is critical for occlusal force.
- Maintaining unilateral premolar occlusal contacts (Eichner B3) is vital for masticatory performance.
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