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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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CD161(high)CD8+T cells bear pathogenetic potential in multiple sclerosis.

Viviana Annibali1, Giovanni Ristori, Daniela F Angelini

  • 1Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital Site, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|January 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a specific subset of CD8(+) T cells expressing high levels of CD161 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1) that are linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) immunopathology.

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Published on: May 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Identifying specific immune cell subsets involved in MS pathogenesis is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differentially expressed genes in multiple sclerosis (MS) using a stringent experimental design.
  • To characterize the role of specific T-cell subsets and their associated molecules in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from disease-discordant monozygotic twins.
  • Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood from healthy donors and patients with MS and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Analysis of immune infiltrates in autopsy MS brain tissue.

Main Results:

  • Disease-related gene expression differences were found exclusively in the CD8(+) T-cell subset.
  • Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1 (CD161) was identified as a differentially expressed gene.
  • An increased frequency of CD161(high)CD8(+) T cells, characterized by proinflammatory profiles, was observed in MS patients.
  • These CD161(high)CD8(+) T cells were found in MS brain lesions and produced interferon-γ.

Conclusions:

  • CD161 expression on CD8(+) T cells identifies a novel proinflammatory lymphocyte subset implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) immunopathology.
  • This subset, characterized by effector-memory and cytokine-producing phenotypes, contributes to MS pathogenesis.
  • CD161 functions as a co-stimulatory receptor in this T-cell subset, influencing proliferation and cytokine production.