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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Robust decoupling techniques to extend quantum coherence in diamond.

C A Ryan1, J S Hodges, D G Cory

  • 1Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced the room-temperature coherence time of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond using decoupling techniques. This advancement significantly extends the coherence duration for quantum applications, reaching over 1.6 milliseconds.

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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising solid-state qubits.
  • Maintaining long coherence times at room temperature is crucial for practical quantum technologies.
  • Decoupling techniques are essential for preserving quantum information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally increase the room-temperature coherence time of NV centers in diamond.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different decoupling sequences.
  • To explore the potential of echo revivals for extending coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of equal pulse spacing decoupling techniques.
  • Comparison with non-periodic Uhrig decoupling.
  • Utilizing echo revivals to probe extended coherence times.
  • Employing phase-compensated pulse sequences to correct for imperfections.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over a 2-orders-of-magnitude increase in coherence time.
  • Extended coherence of specific quantum states from 2.7 μs to over 340 μs.
  • Demonstrated a coherence time exceeding 1.6 ms in ultrapure natural abundance 13C diamond using compensated sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Equal pulse spacing decoupling is as effective as non-periodic Uhrig decoupling.
  • Phase-compensated pulse sequences are vital for preserving arbitrary quantum states.
  • Significant advancements in NV center coherence times pave the way for robust quantum sensing and computing.