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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Boundary-driven colloidal crystallization in simple shear flow.

Laura T Shereda1, Ronald G Larson, Michael J Solomon

  • 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simple shear flow causes transient colloidal crystallization via fronts propagating from surfaces. Crystallization slows as fronts meet due to shear strain self-concentration in crystal bands.

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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Materials science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Understanding colloidal crystallization under flow is crucial for materials processing.
  • Previous models suggested homogeneous mechanisms for flow-induced crystallization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly observe and characterize the mechanism of transient colloidal crystallization induced by simple shear flow.
  • To investigate the dynamics of crystallization fronts and their interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Confocal microscopy was employed to visualize the dynamic process.
  • Simple shear flow was applied to colloidal suspensions.

Main Results:

  • Transient crystallization was observed to occur via wall-normal propagation of crystallization fronts.
  • Initial front propagation rate was 1.75±0.07 layers/strain, slowing to 0.29±0.04 layers/strain.
  • Retardation is attributed to shear strain self-concentration in lower-viscosity crystal bands.

Conclusions:

  • Flow-induced colloidal crystallization is mediated by heterogeneous front propagation, not homogeneous mechanisms.
  • Shear strain self-concentration in crystal bands significantly impacts crystallization dynamics.