Porto-spleno-mesenteric venous thrombosis.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Vascular Surgery
• Radiology

Background:

• Porto-spleno-mesenteric (PSM) venous thrombosis is a rare but severe condition, accounting for 5-10% of abdominal ischemic events.
• Its presentation is characterized by highly variable and non-specific abdominal symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes.
• Despite its severity, PSM venous thrombosis remains under-recognized in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of PSM venous thrombosis.
• To highlight unaddressed clinical issues, predisposing factors, and heterogeneous clinical manifestations.
• To present recent advances in imaging techniques for improved diagnostic accuracy and early detection.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article synthesizing existing information from medical literature.
• Focus on predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic advancements.
• Discussion includes current and potential treatment options, both pharmacological and surgical.

Main Results:

• PSM venous thrombosis presents with diverse symptoms, complicating timely diagnosis.
• Advances in imaging technologies are enhancing diagnostic accuracy and enabling earlier detection.
• Understanding of predisposing factors and clinical variability is crucial for management.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis of PSM venous thrombosis, facilitated by improved imaging, is critical for better patient outcomes.
• A comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis and varied presentations is essential for effective management.
• Further research is needed to address unresolved clinical issues and optimize treatment strategies.