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The relationship between divided attention and implicit memory: a meta-analysis.

Pietro Spataro1, Vincenzo Cestari, Clelia Rossi-Arnaud

  • 1Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. pietro.spataro@uniroma1.it

Acta Psychologica
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Divided attention (DA) slightly impairs implicit memory, as shown by a meta-analysis of repetition priming. This effect is more pronounced in production tests than identification tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Repetition priming is a phenomenon where prior exposure to a stimulus enhances subsequent processing.
  • Attention plays a crucial role in memory encoding and retrieval, but its specific impact on implicit memory requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess the effect of divided attention (DA) on repetition priming through a meta-analysis.
  • To investigate whether the type of priming (identification vs. production) or the nature of the task (perceptual vs. conceptual) moderates the impact of DA.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted, synthesizing 38 effect sizes from 21 empirical studies.
  • Participant data included 2074 individuals in full-attention conditions and 2148 in divided-attention conditions.

Main Results:

  • Divided attention had a small but statistically significant negative effect on implicit memory (mean weighted ES = 0.357).
  • The negative impact of DA was greater for production priming tasks compared to identification priming tasks.
  • No significant differences were found between perceptual and conceptual priming effects under DA.

Conclusions:

  • Divided attention modestly reduces implicit memory performance, particularly for tasks requiring response production.
  • Findings suggest that word-stem completion tasks may involve lexical-conceptual processes, while perceptual identification might include a productive component, influencing attentional demands.