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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's proficiency in drug...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

The long-term athlete development model: physiological evidence and application.

Paul Ford1, Mark De Ste Croix, Rhodri Lloyd

  • 1School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK. p.a.ford@uel.ac.uk

Journal of Sports Sciences
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD) model offers a framework for athletic potential but requires further research. Its generic approach and limited evidence base necessitate critical evaluation and revision by exercise scientists.

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Versatility of Protocols for Resistance Training and Assessment Using Static and Dynamic Ladders in Animal Models
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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Versatility of Protocols for Resistance Training and Assessment Using Static and Dynamic Ladders in Animal Models
08:31

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Published on: December 17, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Talent Development

Background:

  • The Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD) model is a widely adopted framework in the UK for athletic talent development.
  • It emphasizes physiological development and sensitive developmental periods ('windows of opportunity') for optimizing performance over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the theoretical underpinnings and practical applicability of the LTAD model.
  • To identify limitations and areas for improvement in current talent development strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of the LTAD model's theoretical basis.
  • Review of existing empirical evidence and methodologies supporting the model.
  • Examination of the model's generalizability versus individualized athlete needs.

Main Results:

  • The LTAD model, while advancing understanding, suffers from a lack of empirical evidence and relies on questionable assumptions.
  • Its one-dimensional and generic nature restricts individualized application for athletes.
  • Current interpretations are limited by flawed methodologies and data.

Conclusions:

  • The LTAD model should be viewed as a "work in progress" requiring ongoing scientific scrutiny.
  • Paediatric exercise scientists must actively question, test, and revise the model.
  • Future research should focus on acquiring valid and reliable evidence, potentially beyond classical experimental designs.