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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.

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Denervation dynamically regulates integrin alpha7 signaling pathways and microscopic structures in rats.

Feng-Chou Tsai1, Man-Hui Pai, Chong-Chi Chiu

  • 1Center for Mathematical Biology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, and Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

The Journal of Trauma
|January 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral nerve injury impacts skeletal muscle, with integrin alpha7 signaling showing biphasic changes. Persistently elevated p-Akt suggests potential for muscle regeneration with treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve injury poses significant challenges in reconstructive surgeries.
  • Integrin alpha7 plays a role in cell adhesion and signaling within myofibers.
  • Understanding long-term changes in denervated muscle is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic, long-term changes in integrin alpha7 signaling pathways and microstructures in denervated rat skeletal muscle.
  • To correlate molecular expression profiles with structural alterations over time.

Main Methods:

  • Established a rat model of sciatic nerve transection with analysis at multiple time points (1-26 weeks).
  • Utilized mRNA and Western blot for molecular expression analysis.
  • Employed immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural assessment.

Main Results:

  • Denervated muscle exhibited biphasic alterations in integrin alpha7 and downstream signaling molecules (Ras, Raf, ERK1/2, Akt, cleaved caspase-3, MHC, beta actin, RhoA), with peak upregulation at 8 weeks post-denervation.
  • SEM revealed severe myofiber surface damage at 8 weeks, followed by smoothing.
  • TEM showed discontinuity in the inner structures of myofibers.

Conclusions:

  • Integrin alpha7 signaling molecules and myofiber microstructures display coherent, biphasic dynamic changes in long-term denervated muscle.
  • Sustained p-Akt levels indicate a potential for muscle regeneration contingent upon reinnervation or therapeutic intervention.