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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Eye movements help link different views in scene-selective cortex.

Julie D Golomb1, Alice R Albrecht, Soojin Park

  • 1McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jgolomb@mit.edu

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|February 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active eye movements help the brain

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients
07:43

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Published on: June 17, 2019

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The parahippocampal place area (PPA) processes visual scenes.
  • Prior research often uses fixed gaze, limiting understanding of natural scene exploration.
  • The PPA shows high specificity in differentiating scene views.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how eye movements influence scene representation in the PPA.
  • Determine if active vision aids scene integration across different views.
  • Explore the role of retinotopic and spatiotopic information in scene perception.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation.
  • Measuring neural sensitivity to visual change during active vs. fixed eye conditions.
  • Presenting stable scenes with varying eye movements and scene motion.

Main Results:

  • PPA adapted to successive views during active saccades across a stationary scene.
  • Adaptation was reduced when the scene moved while eyes were fixed.
  • Adaptation remained robust when scene motion matched eye movements (preserving retinotopy).

Conclusions:

  • Active vision, using saccades, aids the PPA in integrating different scene views.
  • Retinotopic similarity is crucial, but oculomotor and spatiotopic cues also contribute to scene representation.
  • This suggests a more dynamic and ecologically relevant model of scene processing in the brain.