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Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

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Do low-shrink composites reduce polymerization shrinkage effects?

D Tantbirojn¹, C S Pfeifer, R R Braga

¹Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|February 2, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New "low-shrink composites" do not always reduce tooth deformation. Researchers found that shrinkage stress effects depend on post-gel shrinkage and elastic modulus, not just total shrinkage. Some low-shrink materials still caused significant cuspal deflection.

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Polymer Science
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Advancements in polymer science have yielded
low-shrink composites
aiming to minimize polymerization shrinkage in dental restorations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate whether reduced polymerization shrinkage in low-shrink composites translates to decreased shrinkage stress and tooth deformation in extracted human premolars.
To investigate the relationship between composite properties (total shrinkage, post-gel shrinkage, degree of conversion, elastic modulus) and cuspal deflection.

Main Methods:

Mesio-occluso-distal slot cavities were prepared in extracted human premolars (N=5) and restored with conventional or low-shrink composites.
Cuspal deflection was measured by digitizing coronal surfaces before and after restoration.
Key composite properties and microleakage were assessed to ensure adequate bonding.

Main Results:

All restorations induced inward cuspal deflection (9-14 microns) due to shrinkage stresses.
Only two low-shrink composites (Kalore and LS) significantly reduced tooth deformation.
Other low-shrink composites showed no significant difference in cuspal deflection compared to conventional ones, irrespective of their total shrinkage values.

Conclusions:

Reduced total shrinkage in low-shrink composites does not guarantee diminished shrinkage stress or tooth deformation.
The combination of post-gel shrinkage and elastic modulus appears to be more critical in determining cuspal deflection than total shrinkage alone.
Clinical implications suggest careful material selection is necessary to mitigate stress in dental restorations.