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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Gene positioning and expression.

Defne Egecioglu1, Jason H Brickner

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|February 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene location within the nucleus impacts gene expression. This study examines how genes move to different nuclear locations, such as transcription factories and the nuclear pore complex, when activated.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The genome is spatially organized within the cell nucleus.
  • Chromosome and gene positioning are non-random and correlate with function.
  • Gene location can influence transcriptional activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss gene relocalization events linked to transcriptional activation.
  • To explore two specific examples of gene movement during activation.
  • To consider potential mechanistic and functional links between these phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gene positioning and transcriptional regulation.
  • Analysis of two distinct models of gene relocalization.
  • Speculative discussion on underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Developmentally regulated genes relocate from the nuclear periphery to internal transcription factories upon activation.
  • Other genes are recruited from the nucleoplasm to the nuclear periphery via the nuclear pore complex (NPC) upon activation.
  • These movements are associated with changes in gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Gene repositioning is a key aspect of transcriptional regulation.
  • Distinct mechanisms drive gene movement to transcription factories or the NPC.
  • Further research is needed to understand the commonalities and functional significance of these nuclear movements.