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Related Concept Videos

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
09:11

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification

Published on: February 19, 2015

Cell-Matrix De-Adhesion Dynamics Reflect Contractile Mechanics.

Shamik Sen1, Sanjay Kumar

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762 USA.

Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering
|February 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tracking cell shape changes during de-adhesion reveals cell contractility. This method, using trypsin, links cell stiffness to de-adhesion speed, offering insights into cell mechanics and disease diagnostics.

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Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
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Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads
07:55

Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads

Published on: March 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Measuring single-cell mechanical properties is crucial for understanding cell biology and disease diagnostics.
  • Cell contractility, a key mechanical property, influences various cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish cell shape dynamics during trypsin-induced de-adhesion as a method for probing adherent cell contractility.
  • To investigate the relationship between cell stiffness and de-adhesion response.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking cell shape dynamics of SW13(-/-) epithelial cells and U373 MG glioma cells during trypsin-induced de-adhesion.
  • Analyzing the time-response of normalized cell area using sigmoidal curve fitting.
  • Utilizing pharmacological agents like blebbistatin and nocodazole to modulate cytoskeletal dynamics.
  • Employing a finite element model to simulate cell contraction.

Main Results:

  • Cell de-adhesion follows a lag period and subsequent rounding, characterized by sigmoidal time-response curves.
  • Nocodazole treatment increased cell stiffness and stress fiber formation, while blebbistatin affected the de-adhesion time constants.
  • Higher trypsin concentration accelerated de-adhesion, with nocodazole further speeding up the process and blebbistatin blunting it.
  • A direct association between increased cell stiffness and faster de-adhesion was observed and confirmed by modeling.

Conclusions:

  • Cell shape dynamics during de-adhesion provide a simple yet effective tool for assessing cell contractility.
  • Actomyosin-based cytoskeletal remodeling significantly influences the de-adhesion response and cell stiffness.
  • This approach offers a valuable method for cell mechanical property analysis relevant to both fundamental research and diagnostics.