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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
Published on: March 2, 2011
The end can justify the means
M J Ratcliffe1, E Paramithiotis
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract:
The generation of a pre-immune repertoire of B lymphocyte specificities is a prerequisite for subsequent antigen-dependent antibody responses. In avian species the bursa of Fabricius plays a central role in the development of B lineage cells and in the generation of antibody diversity. Apart from its segregation into the bursa, the pathway of avian B cell development differs from that seen in mammalian species by a number of other criteria. In particular the chicken has evolved a remarkable mechanism for the diversification of immunoglobulin V region genes. Here we review some of the key features by which avian and mammalian B cell development differ.
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