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Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Standard Precaution

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis A - prevention in travellers.

Cora A Mayer¹, Amy A Neilson

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland.

Australian Family Physician

|February 9, 2011

Summary

Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for most at-risk travelers, offering safe and effective prevention. Combination vaccines simplify protection against multiple travel-related diseases.

Area of Science:

Travel medicine
Infectious disease prevention
Vaccinology

Background:

Hepatitis A is a common vaccine-preventable infection among international travelers.
Effective vaccines are available for travelers aged 12 months and older.
Special risk groups and last-minute travelers can also be vaccinated.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide information on hepatitis A infection, epidemiology, and vaccine options.
To support travel-related consultations in general practice.

Main Methods:

Literature review on hepatitis A epidemiology and vaccine efficacy.
Analysis of current vaccine recommendations for travelers.

Main Results:

Hepatitis A vaccines are safe and highly effective for preventing infection.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

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A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Combination vaccines (Hepatitis A/Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A/Typhoid) are available.

Conclusions:

Vaccination is advised for most travelers at risk of Hepatitis A.
Combination vaccines streamline immunization for travelers facing multiple risks, such as Hepatitis B and Typhoid fever.