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X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

$On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature$

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Diffraction-limited large x-ray optics.

¹IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598.

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology

|February 11, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Technologies for creating large normal-incidence multilayer x-ray mirrors with diffraction-limited resolution are now available. These advancements have significant applications in x-ray astronomy and x-ray lithography.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Materials Science
X-ray Optics
Nanotechnology

Background:

High-resolution x-ray optics are crucial for advanced scientific and technological applications.
Previous limitations in mirror fabrication hindered diffraction-limited performance at normal incidence.
The development of multilayer coatings has been a key area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the availability of technologies for producing large normal-incidence multilayer x-ray mirrors.
To highlight the achievement of diffraction-limited resolution with these mirrors.
To discuss the potential applications of these advanced x-ray optics.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of large-area multilayer coatings using advanced deposition techniques.
Characterization of mirror performance, including surface roughness and reflectivity.
Resolution testing to confirm diffraction-limited performance.

Main Results:

Successful production of large normal-incidence multilayer x-ray mirrors.
Demonstration of diffraction-limited resolution capabilities.
Validation of the technologies required for manufacturing.

Conclusions:

The technologies for producing high-performance normal-incidence multilayer x-ray mirrors are now mature.
These mirrors are poised to enable significant advancements in fields such as x-ray astronomy and lithography.
Further development and application of these mirrors are anticipated.