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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Higher cortical functions: attention and vigilance.

Paulette Marie Gillig1, Richard D Sanders

  • 1Dr. Gillig is Professor of Psychiatry and Faculty of the Graduate School, Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.

Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive attention deficits are common in psychiatric disorders, impacting mood, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and borderline personality disorders. Understanding these attention impairments is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Attentionattention and anxiety disordersattention and borderline personality disorderattention and depressionattention and posttraumatic stress disorderhigher cortical functions

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

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Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Vigilance, the ability to sustain attention, is frequently impaired in psychiatric conditions.
  • Attention deficits are recognized in attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, and impulse control disorders.
  • Less commonly known is the impact on anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, and borderline personality disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the significance of attention deficits in specific psychiatric conditions.
  • To highlight the under-recognized impact of vigilance impairments in mood, anxiety, PTSD, and BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on attention deficits.
  • Analysis of the role of attention in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder.

Main Results:

  • Attention deficits are a significant feature across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders.
  • Vigilance impairments are particularly relevant in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Attention deficits are a critical, though often overlooked, symptom in several psychiatric disorders.
  • Further research and clinical attention are warranted for vigilance impairments in mood, anxiety, PTSD, and BPD.